Does Electrode Choice Matter? 6010 vs 7018

When performing Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) — more commonly known as stick welding — selecting the right electrode isn’t just a matter of preference; it’s a critical factor that can make or break your weld. Among the vast variety of electrodes available, E6010 and E7018 stand out as two of the most widely used, yet significantly different, options.

So, does electrode choice matter? The short answer is: Absolutely.

Let’s explain why and how by examining the fundamental differences between E6010 vs E7018 electrodes, from their coating composition and arc behavior to their typical applications and suitability in real-world welding scenarios.

Understanding Electrode Classification

Before comparing these two electrodes, it’s worth understanding what their designations mean. Stick electrodes are labeled using a system (commonly per AWS standards) that tells you:

• “E” = Electrode for SMAW

• First 2–3 digits = Minimum tensile strength of the weld metal (in ksi)

• Second-to-last digit = Welding positions (1 = all positions, 2 = flat/horizontal)

• Last digit(s) = Type of flux coating and suitable current/polarity

For instance:

• E6010 → 60,000 psi tensile strength, usable in all positions, cellulose-sodium coating (DCEP only)

• E7018 → 70,000 psi tensile strength, usable in all positions, low-hydrogen coating (AC or DCEP)

E6010 Electrode: The Deep Penetrator

Key Characteristics:

• Outstanding for root passes, especially in pipe welding

• Can weld on dirty, rusty, or painted surfaces

• Great for field repairs and out-of-position welding

• Delivers deep penetration, perfect for full-fusion joints

Typical Applications:

• Pipe welding (API grades A25, A, B, X42)

• Pressure vessel tacking

• Structural repairs in construction and shipbuilding

• General-purpose farm and field maintenance

Downsides:

• Not suitable for critical welds on high-strength steels (risk of hydrogen cracking)

• Limited to DC polarity

• Rougher appearance and more post-weld cleanup needed

E7018 Electrode: The Low-Hydrogen Workhorse

Key Characteristics:

• Superior mechanical properties: tensile strength, toughness, ductility

• Highly resistant to cracking, even in thick or high-carbon steels

• Ideal for structural welding under stress or dynamic loading

• Allows for higher deposition rates due to iron powder content

• Preferred choice in critical applications, including bridgework, pressure vessels, and heavy machinery

Typical Applications:

• Heavy plate fabrication

• Bridges, buildings, and load-bearing structures

• Ship hulls and pressure piping

• High-strength steel welding

• Nuclear, offshore, and military projects

Downsides:

• Requires very clean surfaces for best performance

• Electrodes are moisture sensitive — must be stored in ovens (100–150°C)

• Not as forgiving on contaminated materials

• Not ideal for root passes or gap-bridging work

6010 vs 7018: Side-by-Side Comparison

You wouldn’t use a sledgehammer for fine wood carving — and in welding, using the wrong electrode can be just as problematic. Let’s explore why E6010 vs E7018 isn’t just a preference — it’s often a matter of necessity.

1. Penetration vs. Finish

E6010 is your go-to when digging deep, especially through grime, rust, or solid root penetration in pipe joints. E7018, on the other hand, gives you a sleeker, stronger finish, perfect for structural or visible welds.

2. Hydrogen Sensitivity

This is a big deal. E6010 generates a lot of hydrogen, which can cause cracking in high-strength steels. If your job involves critical joints, thick material, or alloys, you’ll want the low-hydrogen reliability of E7018.

3. Surface Conditions

Working in the field, on dirty or rusty steel? E6010 has your back. But if you’re in the shop, prepping clean joints and chasing weld perfection, E7018 is a more precise instrument.

4. Mechanical Properties

E7018 wins hands down when it comes to strength, toughness, and ductility. That’s why it’s often mandatory for jobs that need to pass inspection, whether by radiography, penetrant testing, or destructive testing.

5. Storage and Handling

E7018 rods are fussy about moisture. If they pick up water from the air, their low-hydrogen advantage disappears, and welds may crack. You’ll need storage ovens and good discipline. E6010 rods? Much more forgiving.

FAQs

Can I use E7018 for root passes?

Yes, but it’s not ideal. E7018 is better for fill and cap passes. E6010 is generally preferred for root passes due to its deep penetration and ability to weld through contamination.

Why is moisture a problem for E7018?

Because moisture introduces hydrogen into the weld pool, increasing the risk of cold cracking. E7018 must be stored in dry ovens to maintain low-hydrogen characteristics.

Can E6010 run on AC?

No. E6010 requires DCEP (DC electrode positive). If you need a similar electrode that can run on AC, consider E6011.

Which is better for overhead welding?

Both are rated for all positions, but E6010 is better for fast-freeze, high-penetration overhead passes. E7018 is good too, but requires more control and clean conditions.

Do these electrodes require special preparation?

E6010 doesn’t require much — it’s rugged. E7018 needs clean surfaces and dry storage but offers superior weld properties in return.

Final Recommendations

Choose 6010 when:

• Deep root penetration is needed

• Working outdoors or on dirty metal

• You’re in the field with uncertain conditions

Choose 7018 when:

• Structural integrity is essential

• Weld appearance and code compliance matter

• You’re working in a controlled environment